Studies suggest those who eat a vegan diet have lower levels of IGF-1 than meat-eaters and vegetarians. Looking at the chart below, they also have lower BMIs. So can one lower their levels of this cancer-causing hormone just by lowering their BMI?

For answers, Dr. Greger looked at studies that compared long distance runners to plant-based eaters. The runners had similar BMIs to the plant-based eaters, but still ate meat and dairy. Blood tests showed that those eating a low fat, plant-based diet still had lower levels of IGF-1 than long distance runners.

Whole plant-foods typically have fewer calories than those included in the Western diet. So could it be that vegans are simply eating fewer calories? When compared with people eating a calorie-restrictive diet, plant-based eaters still had the lowest levels of IGF-1.

While BMI is a factor in cancer risk, IGF-1 is lowest in those who eat a low-fat, whole foods plant-based diet. It is not how many calories, but which calories that seem to determine cancer risk. Watch the video to learn why scientists suggest, “reduced protein intake may become an important component of anticancer and anti-aging dietary interventions.”

*IGF-1: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) is a natural human growth hormone instrumental in normal growth during childhood, but in adulthood can promote abnormal growth—the proliferation, spread (metastasis), and invasion of cancer.

_{Dr. Greger’s Video Sources:
D L Katz. Facing the facelessness of public health: what’s the public got to do with it? Am J Health Promot. 2011 Jul-Aug;25(6):361-2.
G De Pergola, F Silverstris. Obesity as a major risk factor for cancer. J Obes. 2013;2013:291546.
M Badr, T Hassan, S E Tarhony, W Metwally. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and childhood cancer risk. Oncol Lett. 2010 Nov;1(6):1055-1059.
G K Reeves, K Pirie, V Beral, J Green, E Spencer, D Bull, Million Women Study Collaboration. Cancer incidence and mortality in relation to body mass index in the Million Women Study: cohort study. BMJ. 2007 Dec 1;335(7630):1134.
A G Renehan, M Tyson, M Egger, R F Heller, M Zwahlen. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):569-78.
A G Renehan, M Zwahlen, C Minder, S T O’Dwyer, S M Shalet, M Egger. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Lancet. 2004 Apr 24;363(9418):1346-53.
S C Larsson, A Wolk. Excess body fatness: an important cause of most cancers. Lancet. 2008 Feb 16;371(9612):536-7.
O Shevah, Z Laron. Patients with congenital deficiency of IGF-I seem protected from the development of malignancies: a preliminary report. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2007 Feb;17(1):54-7.
U N Das, When less is adequate: protein and calorie restriction boosts immunity and possibly, longevity–but how and why? Nutrition. 2009 Sep;25(9):892-5.
L Fontana, S Klein, J O Holloszy. Long-term low-protein, low-calorie diet and endurance exercise modulate metabolic factors associated with cancer risk. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Dec;84(6):1456-62.
M F McCarty. A low-fat, whole-food vegan diet, as well as other strategies that down-regulate IGF-I activity, may slow the human aging process. Med Hypotheses. 2003 Jun;60(6):784-92.
N E Allen, P N Appleby, G K Davey, R Kasks, S Rinaldi, T J Key. The associations of diet with serum insulin-like growth factor I and its main binding proteins in 292 women meat-eaters, vegetarians, and vegans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002 Nov;11(11):1441-8.
R L Westley, F E May. A twenty-first century cancer epidemic caused by obesity: the involvement of insulin, diabetes, and insulin-like growth factors. Int J Endocrinol. 2013;2013:632461.
Y Goto, I Sekine, M Tanioka, T Shibata, C Tanai, H Asahina, H Nokihara, N Yomamoto, H Kunitoh, Y Che, H Kikkawa, E Ohki, T Tamura. Figitumumab combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel in treatment-naïve Japanese patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs. 2012 Aug;30(4):1548-56.
M Honhai, Z Tiehong, S Hongchang, C Honxin, D Jiajun. The adverse events profile of anti-IGF-1R monoclonal antibodies in cancer therapy. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 2014 June;77(6):917–928.
S E Dunn, F W Kari, J French, J R Leininger, G Travlos, R Wilson, J C Barrett. Dietary restriction reduces insulin-like growth factor I levels, which modulates apoptosis, cell proliferation, and tumor progression in p53-deficient mice. Cancer Res. 1997 Nov 1;57(21):4667-72.
L Fontana, E P Weiss, D T Villareal, S Klein, and J O Holloszy. Long-term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans. Aging Cell. Oct 2008; 7(5): 681–687.
L Fontana, E P Weiss, D T Villareal, S Klein, and J O Holloszy. Long-term effects of calorie or protein restriction on serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentration in humans. Aging Cell. Oct 2008; 7(5): 681–687.}

The post What’s the Best Way to Lower Levels of IGF-1, the Cancer-Promoting Growth Hormone? appeared first on Forks Over Knives.

In the Nutritionfacts.org video below, Dr. Michael Greger shares the importance of energy density: the amount of calories per unit weight of a food or beverage. Foods higher in fiber and water like fruits and vegetables have a low energy density; foods like bacon and cheese have a high energy density.

Eat the Weight to Lose the Weight

Eating a large volume of these low density foods can lead to “happy” weight loss. In one study, researchers were able to cut daily calories in half by substituting less energy-dense foods like fruits, vegetables, beans, and whole grains for foods like energy-dense foods like meat and sugar. Even though they consumed about 1,500 less calories per day, participants in the low energy density group reported feeling as satisfied with the meals and as full throughout the day as the study participants in the high energy density group.

Learn more about calorie density.

Video Sources
R Pérez-Escamilla, J E Obbagy, J M Altman, E V Essery, M M McGrane, Y P Wong, J M Spahn, C L Williams. Dietary energy density and body weight in adults and children: a systematic review. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012 May;112(5):671-84.
C J Rebello, A G Liu, F L Greenway, N V Dhurandhar. Dietary strategies to increase satiety. Adv Food Nutr Res. 2013;69:105-82.
B J Rolls. The relationship between dietary energy density and energy intake. Physiol Behav. 2009 Jul 14;97(5):609-15.
M C de Oliveira, R Sichieri, R Venturim Mozzer. A low-energy-dense diet adding fruit reduces weight and energy intake in women. Appetite. 2008 Sep;51(2):291-5.
B J Rolls. Dietary strategies for weight management. Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2012;73:37-48.
J Wang, W Zhang, L Sun, H Yu, Q X Ni, H A Risch, Y T Gao. Dietary energy density is positively associated with risk of pancreatic cancer in urban Shanghai Chinese. J Nutr. 2013 Oct;143(10):1626-9.
C J K Henry. How much food does man require? New insights. Nutrition Bulletin Volume 37, Issue 3, pages 241–246, September 2012.
B J Rolls, J A Ello-Martin, B C Tohill. What can intervention studies tell us about the relationship between fruit and vegetable consumption and weight management? Nutr Rev. 2004 Jan;62(1):1-17.
K H Duncan, J A Bacon, R L Weinsier. The effects of high and low energy density diets on satiety, energy intake, and eating time of obese and nonobese subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1983 May;37(5):763-7.
T T Shintani, C K Hughes, S Beckham, H K O’Connor. Obesity and cardiovascular risk intervention through the ad libitum feeding of traditional Hawaiian diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Jun;53(6 Suppl):1647S-1651S.
J H Ledikwe, B J Rolls, H Smiciklas-Wright, D C Mitchell, J D Ard, C Champagne, N Karanja, P H Lin, V J Stevens, L J Appel. Reductions in dietary energy density are associated with weight loss in overweight and obese participants in the PREMIER trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 May;85(5):1212-21.[/expand]

The post How Eating More Can Help You Weigh Less appeared first on Forks Over Knives.

In the Nutritionfacts.org video below, Dr. Michael Greger reviews the research linking white rice consumption with the rise in type 2 diabetes, largely in Asian populations. The rate at which people in China and Japan are getting diabetes has skyrocketed in the past decade and is now very similar to the incidence in the United States. However, China has seven times less obesity and Japan has eight times less obesity than the United States. So what’s going on?

China’s Diabetes Rate Has More Than Tripled, But Their Obesity Rate Has Not

Looking at the data, Dr. Greger found that the rate of new type 2 diabetes diagnoses has sharply increased, while rice consumption has actually decreased by 30 percent. Pork, oil, and other meat consumption has sharply increased in the past 16 years.

If the rise in meat consumption is to blame, then why do recent studies in Japan and China associate white rice intake with diabetes? Dr. Greger theorizes that it’s the addition of animal protein. When ingested, carbohydrates cause a spike in blood glucose, triggering the pancreas to secrete insulin. Studies show that when animal protein is added to refined carbs, that blood sugar spike is much higher.

View Dr. Greger’s Sources:

M Ng, T Fleming, M Robinson, B Thomson, N Graetz, C Margono, E C Mullany, S Biryukov, and more. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014 Aug 30;384(9945):766-81.
B M Popkin. S Du. Dynamics of the nutrition transition toward the animal foods sector in China and its implications: a worried perspective. J Nutr. 2003 Nov;133(11 Suppl 2):3898S-3906S.
I Muraki, F Imamura, J E Manson, F B Hu, W C Willett, R M van Dam, Q Sun. Fruit consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from three prospective longitudinal cohort studies. BMJ. 2013 Aug 28;347:f5001.
Q Sun, D Spiegelman, R M van Dam, M D Holmes, V S Malik, W C Willett. F B Hu. White rice, brown rice, and risk of type 2 diabetes in US men and women. Arch Intern Med. 2010 Jun 14;170(11):961-9.
L Liu, D L Waters, T J Rose, J Bao, G J King. Phospholipids in rice: significance in grain quality and health benefits: a review. Food Chem. 2013 Aug 15;139(1-4):1133-45.
L de Koning, T T Fung, X Liao, S E Chiuve, E B Rimm, W C Willett, D Spiegelman, Low-carbohydrate diet scores and risk of type 2 diabetes in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Apr;93(4):844-50.
M C Gulliford, E J Bicknell, J H Scarpello. Differential effect of protein and fat ingestion on blood glucose responses to high- and low-glycemic-index carbohydrates in noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989 Oct;50(4):773-7.
M F McCarty. Insulin secretion as a determinant of pancreatic cancer risk. Med Hypotheses. 2001 Aug;57(2):146-50.
F Q Nuttall, A D mooradian, M C Gannon, C Billington, P Krezowski. Effect of protein ingestion on the glucose and insulin response to a standardized oral glucose load. Diabetes Care. 1984 Sep-Oct;7(5):465-70.
D Aune, T Norat, P Romundstad, L J Vatten. Whole grain and refined grain consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013 Nov;28(11):845-58.
D Aune, T Norat, P Romundstad, L J Vatten. Whole grain and refined grain consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013 Nov;28(11):845-58.
M A Kodach. In defence of white rice. BMJ. 2012 May 1;344:e3099.
M Kataoka, B J Venn, S M Williams, L A Te Morenga, I M Heemels, J I Mann. Glycaemic responses to glucose and rice in people of Chinese and European ethnicity. Diabet Med. 2013 Mar;30(3):e101-7.
W Liang, A H Lee, C W Binns. White rice-based food consumption and ischemic stroke risk: a case-control study in southern China. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010 Nov-Dec;19(6):480-4.
W Yang, J Lu, J Weng, W Jia, L Ji, J Xiao, Z Shan, J Liu, H Tian, Q Ji, D Zhu, J Ge, L Lin, L Chen, X Guo, Z Zhao, Q Li, Z Zhou, G Shan, J He, China National Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Study Group. Prevalence of diabetes among men and women in China. N Engl J Med. 2010 Mar 25;362(12):1090-101.
E S Eshak, H Iso, K Yamagishi, Y Kokubo, I Saito, H Yatsuya, N Sawada, M Inoue, S Tsugane. Rice consumption is not associated with risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity or mortality in Japanese men and women: a large population-based, prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014 Jul;100(1):199-207.
E Q Ye, S A Chacko, E L Chou, M Kugizaki, S liu. Greater whole-grain intake is associated with lower risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and weight gain. J Nutr. 2012 Jul;142(7):1304-13.
A Goto, M Goto, M Noda, S Tsugane, Incidence of type 2 diabetes in Japan: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 6;8(9):e74699.
M Ng, T Fleming, M Robinson, B Thomson, N Graetz, C Margono, E C Mullany, S Biryukov, and more. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014 Aug 30;384(9945):766-81.
H Wang, F Zhai. Programme and policy options for preventing obesity in China. Obes Rev. 2013 Nov;14 Suppl 2:134-40.
H Li, B Oldenburg, C Chamberlain, A O’Neil, B Xue, D Jolley, R Hall, Z Dong, Y Guo. Diabetes prevalence and determinants in adults in China mainland from 2000 to 2010: a systematic review. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2012 Nov;98(2):226-35.
T C Campbell, C Junshi. Diet and chronic degenerative diseases: perspectives from China. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994 May;59(5 Suppl):1153S-1161S.
CDC. National Diabetes Fact Sheet, 2011.
E A Hu, A Pan, V Malik, Q Sun. White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis and systematic review. BMJ 2012;344:e1454

The post Is White Rice to Blame for Skyrocketing Type 2 Diabetes in China? appeared first on Forks Over Knives.

In the NutritionFacts.org video below, Dr. Michael Greger explores the patient education materials published by Kaiser Permanente. The publication provides tips, meal plan ideas, and a list of health benefits, which include:

· Reversal/prevention of heart disease
· Lower risk of cancer/diabetes
· Healthy weight
· Lower food costs

So many diet plans focus on eating less, but the whole food, plant-based diet thrives on abundance. “The future of health care will involve an evolution toward a paradigm where the prevention and treatment of disease is centered, not on a pill or a surgical procedure, but on another serving of fruits and vegetables.”
_{Video Sources:
P J Tuso, M H Ismail, B P Ha, C Bartolotto. Nutritional update for physicians: Plant-based diets. Perm J 2013 17(2):61 – 66.
Kaiser Permanente. The Plant-Based Diet a healthier way to eat. Kaiser Permanente 1-20.}

The post Why the Nation’s Largest Health Plan Wants Its Doctors to Recommend a Plant-Based Diet appeared first on Forks Over Knives.

When we shared Eric’s health transformation story last year, many readers asked to hear more about his dog. So we’re happy to share this moving short film about Eric and Peety by the Humane Society of Silicon Valley.

The post Eric & Peety: A Story of Mutual Rescue appeared first on Forks Over Knives.

Most people have heard and read that olive oil is healthy, and that they should be consuming it often. This common misconception comes from the presence of olive oil in the Mediterranean diet, which is heart-healthy compared to the standard American diet.

In the NutritionFacts.org video below, Dr. Greger looks at the research on how olive oil affects artery function. All oils, including olive oil, have been shown to cause a constant and significant decrease in endothelial function after meals. However, just adding some vegetables to a fatty meal can partially restore blood flow and arterial function. It turns out that the Mediterranean diet is healthier for the heart than the standard American diet because it is rich in fruits and vegetables. In other words, it is healthier despite the oil.

Refer to NutritionFacts.org for a list of Dr. Greger’s sources.

The post Why Olive Oil Isn’t a Health Food appeared first on Forks Over Knives.

Now we know that the problem lies mainly in the food being consumed. Researchers found that they could induce angina in people with heart disease by having them drink fat. They could not, however, induce any chest pain in people eating a nonfat meal at the same time as the fat-drinking group.

How can fat in a meal affect blood flow to the heart?

The answer lies in the endothelial cells. Watch along as Dr. Greger of NutritionFacts.org takes us through the science.

What about plant fats?

Researchers found that both animal fat and plant fat (sunflower oil) worsened endothelial function. More information on oils in general and on coconut oil.

_{Dr. Greger’s Sources:}

_{P Rajendran, T Rengarajan, J Thangavel, Y Nishigaki, D Sakthisekaran, G Sethi, I Nishigaki. The vascular endothelium and human diseases. Int J Biol Sci. 2013 Nov 9;9(10):1057-69.
W Heberden. Some Account of a Disorder of the Breast. Med Trans. 1768 July:59-66.
PJ Ong, TS Dean, CS Hayward, PL Della Monica, TA Sanders, P Collins. Effect of fat and carbohydrate consumption on endothelial function. Lancet. 1999 Dec 18-25;354(9196):2134.
WY Chung, DW Sohn, YJ Kim, S Oh, IH Chai, YB Park, YS Choi. Absence of postprandial surge in coronary blood flow distal to significant stenosis: a possible mechanism of postprandial angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Dec 4;40(11):1976-83.
PT Kuo, CR Joyner Jr. Angina pectoris induced by fat ingestion in patients with coronary artery disease; ballistocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings. J Am Med Assoc. 1955 Jul 23;158(12):1008-13.
B Cook, D Cooper, D Fitzpatrick, S Smith, D Tierney, S Mehy. 8:45-90:00. The Influence of a High Fat Meal Compared to an Olestra Meal on Coronary Artery Endothelial Dysfunction by Rubidium (Rb)-82 Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and on Post Prandial Serum Triglycerides. Clin Positron Imaging. 2000 Jul;3(4):150.
DW Brock, CK Davis, BA Irving, J Rodriguez, EJ Barrett, A Weltman, AG Taylor, GA Gaesser. A high-carbohydrate, high-fiber meal improves endothelial function in adults with the metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Care. 2006 Oct;29(10):2313-5.
RA Vogel. Brachial artery ultrasound: a noninvasive tool in the assessment of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Clin Cardiol. 1999 Jun;22(6 Suppl):II34-9.
R Berlinerblau, J Shani. Postprandial angina pectoris: clinical and angiographic correlations. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994 Mar 1;23(3):627-9.
SP Zhao, L Liu, M Gao, QC Zhou, YL Li, B Xia. Impairment of endothelial function after a high-fat meal in patients with coronary artery disease. Coron Artery Dis. 2001 Nov;12(7):561-5.
P Lundman, M Eriksson, K Schenck-Gustafsson, F Karpe, P Tornvall. Transient triglyceridemia decreases vascular reactivity in young, healthy men without risk factors for coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1997 Nov 18;96(10):3266-8.}

The post Why Does a Fatty Meal Sometimes Cause Chest Pain? appeared first on Forks Over Knives.

Novick recommends adding fresh fruits and vegetables to the mix, but even with just his recommended staples, you’ll be within 15 minutes a tasty, healthy meal. These ingredients cook quickly and easily, and you can make hundreds of dishes from them.

Jeff Novick’s Essential Grocery List

• Instant brown rice
• Canned beans (unsalted)
• Canned tomato products (unsalted)
• Intact whole grains (quinoa, kasha/buckwheat, oats)
• Whole wheat pasta (or whole grain corn pasta or brown rice pasta)
• Frozen vegetables
• Frozen soups
• Frozen fruit
• Dried fruit (for baking and seasoning)
• Almond butter
• Raw almonds
• Salt-free spice mixes

The video seen below is an excerpt from Novick’s Fast Food DVD series, in which he shows you how to make tasty, inexpensive, and plant-based meals in 10-minutes or less.

Related Reads:

• No-Time-to-Cook Recipes
• South of the Border Pizza
• Pasta Primavera
• 22 Healthy Foods to Have in Your Fridge
• Eating Well on $5 a Day

The post Nutritionist’s List: Stock Up On These Low-Cost Staples appeared first on Forks Over Knives.

In the program, journalist Mark Kelley sits down and talks to Dr. William Davis, who is probably the most famous anti-wheat evangelist, about his crusade. Before publishing Wheat Belly, Dr. Davis was a cardiologist from Milwaukee with type 2 diabetes who was looking for a personal solution to his health and weight problems. He found it by giving up wheat, and he wrote Wheat Belly based on his own success and the success of some of his patients. He admits candidly that he never conducted studies or research, and that his anti-wheat platform is based on anecdotal evidence.

He now believes he’s at the front lines of the “war on wheat,” which he claims causes 70-80 percent of all known diseases including arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, different types of cancers, sinus infections, depression, schizophrenia, and eating disorders.

After talking to Dr. Davis, Mark Kelley also interviews scientists and health experts about the anti-wheat movement, including chemist and professor Dr. Joseph Schwarcz from McGill University and obesity doctor Dr. Tim Caufield. He also talks to die-hard believers who testify to the weight loss and increased energy they experienced when they went wheat-free.

The Final Message

Most scientists and medical organizations will not endorse the claims made by the Wheat Belly camp, and the experts interviewed were clear that they couldn’t endorse a diet based on anecdotal evidence, celebrity authors, but no conclusive science.

The post The War on Wheat appeared first on Forks Over Knives.

The Global Burden of Disease study is the most comprehensive and systematic program to analyze the causes of death ever undertaken. It assesses mortality and disability in relation to disease and risk factors. The program’s research helps answer questions like: How many lives could be saved if people cut back on soda? The answer is 299,000. That sounds bad, but it’s not as deadly as bacon, bologna, ham or hot dogs. These processed meats cause 800,000 deaths every year, which is five times more people than all illegal drugs combined.

Looking at the research:

• Eating more whole grains could save 1.7 millions lives.
• Eating more vegetables could save 1.8 million lives.
• Eating more nuts and seeds could save 2.5 million lives.
• Eating more fruit could save 4.9 million lives.

High Blood Pressure is the Deadliest Risk Factor in the World

The biggest risk factor in the world is high blood pressure (hypertension), killing 9 million people every year. In the United States, high blood pressure affects 78 million people and gets worse as we age.

High blood pressure is not a natural, inevitable consequence of getting older. Researchers found that whole groups of people who ate a diet centered around whole plant foods experienced lower blood pressures as they aged. What else did they find in these populations? They also had no heart disease.

_{Dr. Greger’s Sources:
T Nwankwo, S Sug, V Burt, Q Gu. Hypertension Among Adults in the United States: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2011–2012. CDC.
SS Lim, T Vos, A D Flaxman, G Danaei, K Shibuya, H Adair-ROhani, M Amann, H R Anderson, K G Andrews and more. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2224-60.
R Lozano, M Naghavi, S Lim, K Shibuya and more. Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet. Volume 380, No. 9859, p2095–2128, 15 December 2012.
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M R Law, J K Morris, N J Wald. Use of blood pressure lowering drugs in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: meta-analysis of 147 randomised trials in the context of expectations from prospective epidemiological studies. BMJ. 2009 May 19;338:b1665.
A R Walker, B F Walker. High high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in African children and adults in a population free of coronary heart diseae. Br Med J. 1978 Nov 11;2(6148):1336-7.
A S Go, M A Bauman, S M Coleman King, G C Fonarow, W Lawrence, K A Williams, E Sanchez. An effective approach to high blood pressure control: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, the American College of Cardiology, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014 Apr 1;63(12):1230-8.
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaborators, B Mihaylova, J Emberson, L Blackwell, A Keech, J Simes, E H Barnes M Voysey, A Gray, R Collins, C Baigent. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2012 Aug 11;380(9841):581-90.}

The post How to Prevent High Blood Pressure With Diet, Not Drugs appeared first on Forks Over Knives.